2.  Basic Solar Properties |
| Diameter (photosphere) 1,391,980 km
Mass 1.99 x 10^33 g = 1.99 x 10^30 kg
Average Density 1.41 g/cm3
Luminosity 3.83 x 10^33 erg/sec
Rotation Period 25 days (equator)
Surface Temperature 5,800 K (effective)
Spectral Class G2 V
Apparent Visual Magnitude - 26.7
Absolute Visual Magnitude + 4.8
Mean Distance (Earth) 149,597,892 km
Surface gravity (eq.) (m/s2) 274.0
Escape velocity (km/s) 617.6
Model values at center of Sun:
Central pressure: 2.477 x 10^11 bar
Central temperature: 1.571 x 10^7 K
Central density: 1.622 x 10^5 kg/m3
Sun Observational Parameters
Apparent diameter from Earth
At 1 A.U.(seconds of arc) 1919.
Maximum (seconds of arc) 1952.
Minimum (seconds of arc) 1887.
Distance from Earth
Mean (10^6 km) 149.6
Minimum (10^6 km) 147.1
Maximum (10^6 km) 152.1
Solar Magnetic Field
Typical magnetic field strengths for various parts of the Sun
Polar Field: 1 - 2 Gauss
Sunspots: 3000 Gauss
Prominences: 10 - 100 Gauss
Chromospheric plages: 200 Gauss
Bright chromospheric network: 25 Gauss
Ephemeral (unipolar) active regions: 20 Gauss
Solar Atmosphere
Surface Gas Pressure (top of photosphere): 0.868 mb
Effective temperature: 5778 K
Temperature at bottom of photosphere: 6600 K
Temperature at top of photosphere: 4400 K
Temperature at top of chromosphere: ~30,000 K
Photosphere thickness: ~400 km
Chromosphere thickness: ~2500 km
Sun Spot Cycle: 11.4 yr.
Photosphere Composition:
Major elements: H - 90.965%, He - 8.889%
Minor elements (ppm): O - 774, C - 330, Ne - 112, N - 102
Fe - 43, Mg - 35, Si - 32, S - 15
from: http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/sun/basics.html
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/fact_notes.html
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